which software was the first available for microcomputers quizlet

The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. What is a prominent research finding regarding students who engage in computer programming activities? What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. What feature of modern productivity tools makes it possible for files created in one software product to be opened in another software product? The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. . The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. A later version of that machine became the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. !" "The only app I use when I need to get down to business." Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. It was used to model the decay of the US nuclear arsenal, analyze financial data, and render 3D medical images in real-time. Its Williams-Kilburn tube memory system was later adopted by several other early computer systems around the world. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when she has her students link up with local writers who critique the students' stories and email them feedback before their work is finalized and posted online? During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. The machines were used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to run massive solar energy simulations, as well as some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. Information systems whose purpose is to glean from raw data relationships and trends that might help organizations compete better are called business intelligence (BI) systems. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. SABRE is a joint project between American Airlines and IBM. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. A British government contract spurred its initial development but a change in government led to loss of funding and the second and only other Mark I was sold at a major loss to the University of Toronto, where it was re-christened FERUT. Which of the following is one strategy often used in online courses to ensure academic integrity? Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. Typically, computer users of the time fed their programs into a computer using punched cards or paper tape. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. workstations. Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. Software The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. Subject. A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. Definition. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. spreadsheet program The Earth Simulator was listed as the fastest supercomputer in the world from 2002 to 2004. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. After being successfully used for decades, NTDS was phased out in favor of the newer AEGIS system in the 1980s. The Nest Learning Thermostat is an early product made for the emerging Internet of Things, which envisages a world in which common everyday devices have network connectivity and can exchange information or be controlled. The basic computer cost $28,500. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. What do sites such as edshelf, Learning List, What Works Clearinghouse, EdSurge Product Index, and Common Sense Education help teachers with? What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. A. The Altair had no keyboard and could not be connected to a television screen. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. MOS 6502 ad from IEEE Computer, Sept. 1975. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. A computer could write it with a laser instead. Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. Reduced instruction set computers (RISC) grow out of the observation that the simplest 20 percent of a computers instruction set does 80 percent of the work. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? The first commercially advertised US computer based on a microprocessor (the Intel 8008,) the Scelbi has 4 KB of internal memory and a cassette tape interface, as well as Teletype and oscilloscope interfaces. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. Officially known as the Track Write, the automatically expanding full-sized keyboard used by the ThinkPad 701 is designed by inventor John Karidis. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. The banking industry rushed to adopt the machine, built to run during repair or expansion. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. Completed in 1951, Whirlwind remains one of the most important computer projects in the history of computing. Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time and introduced the concept of virtual memory, that is, using a disk or drum as an extension of main memory. The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a successful computer company, too. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. 2.4 trillion. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. server. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. What characteristic is common to most Personalized Learning Systems (PLS)? The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. mainframe computer. In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? microprocessor/ processor. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. The TI 99/4 sold well and led to a series of TI follow-on machines. The handbook is complemented by two companion documents: Microcomputers in Transit: A Software Handbook, and Microcomputers in Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. The Mark 1 was a refinement of the experimental Manchester Baby and Manchester Mark 1 computers, also at Manchester University. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. The PowerBook 170 was the high-end model, featuring an active matrix display, faster processor, as well as a floating point unit. Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. The Moore School Building at the University of Pennsylvania. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. See Answer. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product.